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ABSTRACT

Purpose of writing this article is to convey my ideas under a certain part which we have learned using reading materials, during this week, in our philosophy course. Mainly we have discussed about what is the philosophy of science? and scientific explanation. Under these main topics we have learned about several sub topics. Those are, science, philosophy of science, historical interlude, empiricism, explanation vs. confirmation, scientific explanation and "why" questions, deduction and induction determinism, indeterminism and statistical explanation. I'm going to select a part from the reading material, which I was enjoyed by learning it and make reflection on it. As I feel most valuable concept that I have learned during this week is "Scientific Explanation". Therefore using this article I hope to express my ideas under this part.  

Keywords: scientific, explanation, method, iterlude, philosophy

1. Introduction

I wish to express my opinion about "Scientific Explanation" as it is important in our practical lives. Today's my topic is "Succeeding Challenges trough Scientific Explanation". Using some sub topics also I'm going to discuss under my topic. Sub topics that I hope to discuss are what is scientific explanation, how does it begin, DN model, why questions and scientific explanation in daily life. As here I mentioned,  I hope to discuss using daily life experiences for your better understanding. Let's begin the discussion on this matter.  

2. WHAT IS SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION?

As I felt trough out these chapters, scientific explanation is a way of giving reasoning to what we see in the usual world or nature and important thing is it is based on observations. That means giving considerable evidence is must. There is an indivisible bond between scientific explanation and philosophy.
Rather than keeping silent without any questioning, scientific explanation provides a better background to human for questioning and finding reasons.

2.1 HOW DOES IT BEGIN?

According to my opinion scientific explanation is the thing that explains each and everything in this universe since when it began.

Anyway scientific explanation have started to get philosophical attention from Pre-Socratic times and continuously it is getting the philosophical attention even today.

Though the beginning was like that, modern conversation actually started with the development of the D-N model.

3. D-N MODEL

D-N model is reffered to "Deductive-Nomological Model". According to this model scientific explanation have two main constituents. This model is introduced by Hampel and Oppenheim.
The D-N model gives a suitable conditions for a successful explanation.

The DN model poses scientific explanation as a deductive structure—that is, one where truth of its premises entails truth of its conclusion—hinged on accurate prediction or postdiction of the phenomenon to be explained. (Wikipedia)

4. EXPLANATION VIA "WHY" QUESTIONS

Rather than explanation using D-N model, philosophers have also been encouraged to use "why" questions. We can use "why" questions not only for explanation but also for further arguing. Then only the theories of explanation will be practical.

Since our childhood, while passing trough the different stages of our life we used to ask thousands of "why" questions from different people, after starting asking from our parents. By asking these "why" questions we hope to clear our ideas on certain matters or get new knowledge under something.

4.1 SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION IN DAILY LIFE

As humans we are facing lots of difficulties and challenges since our birth to death. Now I know what is the question that you have. In those situations, "Can we apply scientific explanation?". The answer for your question is "Yes". Then, "How is it?". Most important thing is better understanding on this subject.

As I said above asking "why" questions is a most familiar usage of scientific explanation. In over day to day life we are having many situations to give reasons and explanations on various matter. Rather than struggling with inductive reasoning it is much better to use scientific explanation. Also we can apply different types of models of explanation such as D-N model that I have mentioned earlier to you.

5. CONCLUSION

By the end of this reflection article I'm pretty sure that you have gotten a clear idea about scientific explanation. What I can conclude from this article is it is good for you to improve ability in succeeding  challenges and difficulties trough Scientific Explanation.

 

            REFERENCES

[1] Godfrey-Smith, P., 2009. Theory and reality. University of Chicago Press.

[2] Salmon, M.H. and Glymour, C., 1999. Introduction to the Philosophy of Science. Hackett Publishing

[3] Scientific Explanation (Stanford Encyclopidea of Philosophy), (2021). Retrieved on July 30 from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/scientific-explanation/#ConcOpenIssuFutuDire

 

[4] From Explanations to Why Questions. Oxford Scholarship, (2016). Retrieved on July 30 from https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/